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2019年7月20日雅思阅读考题回顾

来源:北京朗阁 2019-07-29 10:53:45 编辑:北京朗阁小编 430人看过

7月20日的雅思阅读考题回顾已经放出来了,那么在以下文章中,北京朗阁小编就为大家带来2019年7月20日雅思阅读考题回顾,请看以下内容:

7月20日的雅思阅读考题回顾已经放出来了,那么在以下文章中,北京朗阁小编就为大家带来2019年7月20日雅思阅读考题回顾,请看以下内容:

 

考试日期

2019720


Reading Passage 1

Title

北级科考船

Question types

Matching Information

Sentence Completion

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

文章内容回顾

文章大意:北极出现了一艘沉没的科考船,科考船载的是十几年前英国人去北极考查的团队,当时的设备技术等安全有*证,莫名失踪后,悬赏寻找,因纽特人帮忙救援。科学家讨论船当年遇难的原因。

Passage1: 北极科考船

参考答案:

1. True

2. Not Given

3. False

4. False

5. Not Given

6. False

7. True

8. geology

9. sonar

10. manufactured

11. water

12. engines

13. stories

题型难度分析

适中。

题型技巧分析

段落信息匹配,考查的是在原文中寻找特定信息的能力

段落细节配对一般出现在文章的部分

文章段落数和题目数常常不一致

该题型的出题范围是全文

乱序,段落细节配对靠后做,先做顺序原则的细节题

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑11 Test 2 Passage 1

 

Reading Passage 2

Title

Honey Bees in Trouble

Question types

YES/NO/NOT GIVEN

Multiple Choice

Matching Headings

文章内容回顾

A

Recently, ominous headlines have described a mysterious ailment, colony collapse disorder (CCD), which is wiping out the honeybees that pollinate many crops. Without honeybees, the story es, fields will be sterile, economies will collapse, and food will be scarce.

B

But what few accounts acknowledge is that what’s at risk is not itself a natural state of affairs. For one thing, in the United States, where CCD was first reported and has had its greatest impacts, honeybees are not a native species. Pollination in modern agriculture isn’t alchemy, it’s industry. The total number of hives involved in the U.S. pollination industry has been somewhere between 2.5 million and 3 million in recent years. Meanwhile, American farmers began using large quantities of organophosphate insecticides, planted large-scale crop monocultures, and adopted “clean farming” practices that scrubbed native vegetation from field margins and roadsides. These practices killed many native bees outright — they’re as vulnerable to insecticides as any agricultural pest — and made the agricultural landscape inhospitable to those that remained. Concern about these practices and their effects on pollinators isn’t new, in her 1962 ecological alarm cry Silent Spring, Rachel Carson warned of a ‘Fruitless Fall’ that could result from the disappearance of insect pollinators.

C

If that ‘Fruitless Fall’ has not — yet — occurred, it may be largely thanks to the honeybee, which farmers turned to as the ability of wild pollinators to service crops declined. The honeybee has been semi-domesticated since the time of the ancient Egyptians, but it wasn’t just familiarity that determined this choice: the bees’ biology is in many ways suited to the kind of agricultural system that was emerging. For example, honeybee hives can be closed up and moved out of the way when pesticides are applied to a field. The bees are generalist pollinators, so they can be used to pollinate many different crops. And although they are not the most efficient pollinator of every crop, honeybees have strength in numbers, with 20,000 to 100,000 bees living in a single hive. “Without a doubt, if there was one bee you wanted for agriculture, it would be the honeybee,” says Jim Cane, of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The honeybee, in other words, has become a crucial cog in the modern system of industrial agriculture. That system delivers more food, and more kinds of it, to more places, more cheaply than ever before. But that system is also vulnerable, because making a farm field into the photosynthetic equivalent of a factory floor, and pollination into a series of continent-long assembly lines, also leaches out some of the resilience characteristic of natural ecosystems.

D

Breno Freitas, an agronomist in Brazil, pointed out that in nature such a high degree of specialization usually is a very dangerous game: it works well while all the rest is in equilibrium, but runs quickly to extinction at the least disbalance. In effect, by developing an agricultural system that is heavily reliant on a single pollinator species, we humans have become riskily overspecialized. And when the human-honeybee relationship is disrupted, as it has been by colony collapse disorder, the vulnerability of that agricultural system begins to become clear. In fact, a few wild bees are already being successfully managed for crop pollination. “The problem is trying to provide native bees in adequate numbers on a reliable basis in a fairly short number of years in order to service the crop,” Jim Cane says. “You’re talking millions of flowers per acre in a two-to three-week time frame, or less, for a lot of crops.” On the other hand, native bees can be much more efficient pollinators of certain crops than honeybees, so you don’t need as many to do the job. For example, about 750blue orchard bees (Osmia lignaria) can pollinate a hectare of apples or almonds, a task that would require roughly 50,000 to 150,000 honeybees. There are bee tinkerers engaged in similar work in many corners of the world. In Brazil, Breno Freitas has found that Centris tarsata, the native pollinator of wild cashew, can survive in commercial cashew orchards if growers provide a source of floral oils, such as by interplanting their cashew trees with Caribbean cherry.

E

In certain places, native bees may already be doing more than they’re getting credit for. Ecologist Rachael Winfree recently led a team that looked at pollination of four summer crops (tomato, watermelon, peppers, and muskmelon) at 29 farms in the region of New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

Winfree’s team identified 54 species of wild bees that visited these crops, and found that wild bees were the most important pollinators in the system: even though managed honeybees were present on many of the farms, wild bees were responsible for 62 percent of flower visits in the study. In another study focusing specifically on watermelon, Winfree and her colleagues calculated that native bees alone could provide sufficient pollination at 90percent of the 23 farms studied. By contrast, honeybees alone could provide sufficient pollination at only 78 percent of farms.

F

“The region I work in is not typical of the way most food is produced,” Winfree admits. In the Delaware Valley, most farms and farm fields are relatively small, each farmer typically grows a variety of crops, and farms are interspersed with suburbs and other types of land use which means there are opportunities for homeowners to get involved in bee conservation, too. The landscape is a bee-friendly patchwork that provides a variety of nesting habitat and floral resources distributed among different kinds of crops, weedy field margins, fallow fields, suburban neighborhoods, and seminatural habitat like old woodlots, all at a relatively small scale. In other words, “pollinator friendly” farming practices would not only aid pollination of agricultural crops, but also serve as a key element in the overall conservation strategy for wild pollinators, and often aid other wild species as well. Of course, not all farmers will be able to implement all of these practices. And researchers are suggesting a shift to a kind of polyglot agricultural system. For some small-scale farms, native bees may indeed be all that’s needed. For larger operations, a suite of managed bees — with honeybees filling the generalist role and other, native bees pollinating specific crops — could be augmented by free pollination services from resurgent wild pollinators. In other words, they’re saying, we still have an opportunity to replace a risky monoculture with something diverse, resilient, and robust.

题型难度分析

本篇文章题目难度是三篇中较难的。

题型技巧分析

判断题注意事项:

1. 找出题目中的关键词,好先定位到原文中的一个段落。将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落,这必将大大加快解题时间,并*准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。

2. 从头到尾*阅读该段落,根据题目中的其它关键词,在原文中找出与题目相关的一句或几句话。确定一个段落后,答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以,需要从头到尾*阅读该段落,找出该段落中与题目相关的一句话或几句话,通常是一句话。

3. 仔细阅读这一句话或几句话,根据第二大步中的原则和规律,确定正确答案。

4. 要注意顺序性,即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑12 Test 8 Passage 2

 

Reading Passage 3

Title

Nature works

Question types

Summary Completion

Multiple Choice

Matching

文章内容回顾

A

A dozen years a, scientists at Cargill t the idea of converting lactic acid made from corn into plastic while examining possible new uses for materials produced from corn wet milling processes. In the past, several efforts had been made to develop plastics from lactic acid, but with limited success. Achieving this technological breakthrough didn’t come easily, but in time the efforts did succeed. A fermentation and distillation process using com was designed to create a polymer suitable for a broad variety of applications.

B

As an agricultural based firm, Cargill had taken this product as far as it could by 1997. The company needed a partner with access to plastics markets and polymerization capabilities, and began discussions with The Dow Chemical Company. The next step was the formation of the joint venture that created Cargill Dow LLC. Cargill Dow’s product is the world’s first commercially available plastic made from annually renewable resources such as com: Nature Works PLA is a family of packaging polymers (carbon-based molecules) made from non-petroleum based resources. Ingeo is a family of polymers for fibers made in a similar manner.

C

By applying their unique technology to the processing of natural plant sugars, Cargill Dow has created a more environmentally friendly material that reaches the consumer in clothes, cups, packaging and other products. While Cargill Dow is a stand-alone business, it continues to leverage the agricultural processing, manufacturing and polymer expertise of the two parent companies in order to bring the best possible products to market.

D

The basic raw materials for PLA are carbon dioxide and water. Growing plants, like com take these building blocks from the atmosphere and the soil. They are combined in the plant to make carbohydrates (sucrose and starch) through a process driven by photosynthesis. The process for making Nature Works PLA begins when a renewable resource such as corn is milled, separating starch from the raw material. Unrefined dextrose, in turn, is processed from the starch.

E

Cargill Dow turns the unrefined dextrose into lactic acid using a fermentation process similar to that used by beer and wine producers. This is the same lactic acid that is used as a food additive and is found in muscle tissue in the human body. Through a special condensation process, a lactide is formed. This lactide is purified through vacuum distillation and becomes a polymer (the base for Nature Works PLA) that is ready for use through a solvent-free melt process. Development of this new technology allows the company to “harvest” the carbon that living plants remove from the air through photosynthesis. Carbon is stored in plant starches, which can be broken down into natural plant sugars. The carbon and other elements in these natural sugars are then used to make Nature Works PLA.

F

Nature Works PLA fits all disposal systems and is fully compostable in commercial composting facilities. With the proper infrastructure, products made from this polymer can be recycled back to a monomer and re-used as a polymer. Thus, at the end of its life cycle, a product made from Nature Works PLA can be broken down into its simplest parts so that no sign of it remains.

G

PLA is now actively competing with traditional materials in packaging and fiber applications throughout the world; based on the technology’s success and promise, Cargill Dow is quickly becoming a premier player in the polymers market. This new polymer now competes head-on with petroleum-based materials like polyester. A wide range of products that vary in molecular weight and crystallinity can be produced, and the blend of physical properties of PLA makes it suited for a broad range of fiber and packaging applications. Fiber and non-woven applications include clothing, fiberfill, blankets and wipes. Packaging applications include packaging films and food and beverage containers.

H

As Nature Works PLA polymers are more oil - and grease-resistant and provide a better flavor and aroma barrier than existing petroleum-based polymers, grocery retailers are increasingly using this packaging for their fresh foods. As companies begin to explore this family of polymers, more potential applications are being identified. For example, PLA possess two properties that are particularly useful for drape fabrics and window furnishings. Their resistance to ultraviolet light is particularly appealing as this reduces the amount of fading in such fabrics, and their refractive index is low, which means fabrics constructed from these polymers can be made with deep colors without requiring large amounts of dye. In addition, sportswear makers have been drawn to the product as it has an inherent ability to take moisture away from the skin and when blended with cotton and wool, the result is garments that are lighter and better at absorbing moisture.

I

PLA combines inexpensive large-scale fermentation with chemical processing to produce a value-added polymer product that improves the environment as well. The source material for PLA is a natural sugar found in plants such as com and using such renewable feedstock presents several environmental benefits. As an alternative to traditional petroleum-based polymers, the production of PLA uses 20%-50% less fossil fuel and releases a lower amount of greenhouse gasses than comparable petroleum based plastic; carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is removed when the feedstock is grown and is returned to the earth when the polymer is degraded. Because the company is using raw materials that can be regenerated year after year, it is both cost competitive and environmentally responsible.

 

 

27. B

28. C - sell plastic made of petroleum

29. F - the manufacture of wrapping material

30. A - produce fiber

31. starch

32. fermentation

33. condensation

34. polymer

35. C - has not underne genetic modification

36. D - has a strong smell

37. A - it can take in moisture of the body

38. E - it does not readily lose its color in the sun

39. D - it uses renewable raw material

40. F - it involves removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide

题型难度分析

本文难度适中

题型技巧分析

选择题:由题干和几个选项构成,基本题干可以用来定位,如果题干无法准确定位,从选项反推即可。正确选项一般是对文章的改写,注意同义转换,错误的选项有的是干扰项,非常容易误选,也有的是文章未提及的内容,应排除。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑5 Test 2 Passage 1

考试趋势分析和备考指导:

难度中等

 

 

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